During recent years, social infrastructure has become irreversibly linked to the Internet through its everyday manifestations, such as social networking services (Twitter, Facebook, etc.). Every second, this new tangible information-based reality provides large amounts of data filled with 1) emotional expressions; 2) people's opinions on various topics; and 3) their reasoning, revealing their decision-making processes. As these three categories are also closely interrelated with each other, they should be studied together to obtain a more robust view on all of the topics involved. This, as never before, provides an opportunity for the development and application of natural language processing methods, in particular those regarding such topics as emotion processing, decision-making, and opinion mining.

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The debate about the fake news is now rejoined by two factors: rise of protagonists outside the field of politics who now dominate the publicized media space and the role of social networks and the Internet that vie for journalism to its old communicational and informative centrality. Recent studies have also shown that in the current digital environment marked by the influence of social networks, it is through Facebook that the most information traffic is verified, although the so-called "hard news" circulate preferentially through Twitter. This means a profound change also in the way the policy communicates and gains a renewed centrality. Populism and the construction of post-truths were breaking new ground for affirmation, challenging democracy and the exercise of rigorous, demanding and enlightened information. Researchers from a dozen Portuguese and Brazilian universities observe and reflect, in a transdisciplinary way, about these new phenomena, seeking to analyze causes and consequences, while presenting case studies and proposing solutions.

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There is no term that better describes the essential features of human society than complexity. On various levels, from the decision-making processes of individuals, through to the interactions between individuals leading to the spontaneous formation of groups and social hierarchies, up to the collective, herding processes that reshape whole societies, all these features share the property of irreducibility, i.e., they require a holistic, multi-level approach formed by researchers from different disciplines. This Special Issue aims to collect research studies that, by exploiting the latest advances in physics, economics, complex networks, and data science, make a step towards understanding these economic and social systems. The majority of submissions are devoted to financial market analysis and modeling, including the stock and cryptocurrency markets in the COVID-19 pandemic, systemic risk quantification and control, wealth condensation, the innovation-related performance of companies, and more. Looking more at societies, there are papers that deal with regional development, land speculation, and the-fake news-fighting strategies, the issues which are of central interest in contemporary society. On top of this, one of the contributions proposes a new, improved complexity measure.

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Im heutigen Zeitalter der Unsicherheit und Angst florieren konspirative Fantasien zuhauf. Verschwörungsfiktionen haben insbesondere in Film und Fernsehen Konjunktur. Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Bandes steht daher die Frage nach der medialen Konstruktion der kollektiven Imagination einer durch Verschwörung gesteuerten Welt. Dabei wird die These vertreten, dass die konspirationistische Fantasie als imaginäre Lösung und Reaktion auf die postmoderne Zersplitterung des Wissens zu begreifen ist, nachdem Jean-François Lyotard das Ende der “großen Erzählungen” der Moderne von Fortschritt und Emanzipation deklarierte. Gleichsam als Kompensation für diesen Sinnverlust bietet die konspirationistische Imagination neue, große Erzählungen an, nun freilich nicht mehr als optimistische Aufklärungsteleologie, sondern als dystopisches und mitunter apokalyptisches Narrativ. In der Inszenierung konspirativer und paranoider Szenarien kommt dabei dem Spielfilm eine privilegierte Rolle zu. Für die Gruppierung von Verschwörungsthrillern, paranoiden Dramen und mind-game-Filmen mit zunehmend vergrößerter konspirativer Reichweite hat sich in der Filmwissenschaft der ursprünglich aus der Fankultur stammende Begriff des Paranoiafilms durchgesetzt. Dieses zunehmend bedeutende mediale Phänomen wird hier erstmals umfassend in Theorie und Geschichte poetologisch und hermeneutisch gewürdigt. Im theoretischen Teil des Buches stehen genretheoretische, formale, narrative und motivische Aspekte des Paranoiafilms zur Diskussion, während dazu gleichzeitig die Themen Verschwörung, Paranoia und Verschwörungstheorie besprochen und in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Im historischen Teil werden in chronologischer Abfolge vier paradigmatische Narrative untersucht: der vorwiegend psychologisch ausgerichtete Meisterverbrecherfilm der 1910er bis 1930er Jahre; die paranoiden Spielarten des Film Noir in den 1940er und 50er Jahren, unter Einbezug des postklassischen Noir der 60er Jahre; der moderne, soziologische Verschwörungsfilm der 1960er bis 80er Jahre, in dem die Konspirationen zunehmend systemisch und unsichtbar werden; und schließlich die mind-game oder mindbender genannten Filme seit den 1990er Jahren, die sich im Zeichen der Metafiktion mit ontologischen und kosmologischen Verschwörungen beschäftigen. Zentrale Topoi sind unter anderem Mind Control, “Gehirnwäsche” und Überwachung. Nicht zuletzt geht es dabei auch um eine Allegorisierung der jeweils vorherrschenden Medien und ihrer Wirkungsmacht.

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Data has become a social and political issue because of its capacity to reconfigure relationships between states, subjects, and citizens. This book explores how data has acquired such an important capacity and examines how critical interventions in its uses in both theory and practice are possible. Data and politics are now inseparable: data is not only shaping our social relations, preferences and life chances but our very democracies. Expert international contributors consider political questions about data and the ways it provokes subjects to govern themselves by making rights claims. Concerned with the things (infrastructures of servers, devices, and cables) and language (code, programming, and algorithms) that make up cyberspace, this book demonstrates that without understanding these conditions of possibility it is impossible to intervene in or to shape data politics. Aimed at academics and postgraduate students interested in political aspects of data, this volume will also be of interest to experts in the fields of internet studies, international studies, Big Data, digital social sciences and humanities. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/Data-Politics-Worlds-Subjects-Rights/Bigo-Isin-Ruppert/p/book/9781138053267, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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This book explores the challenges that disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics pose to democracy from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors analyse and interpret how the use of technology and social media as well as the emergence of new political narratives has been progressively changing the information landscape, undermining some of the pillars of democracy. The volume sheds light on some topical questions connected to fake news, thereby contributing to a fuller understanding of its impact on democracy. In the Introduction, the editors offer some orientating definitions of post-truth politics, building a theoretical framework where various different aspects of fake news can be understood. The book is then divided into three parts: Part I helps to contextualise the phenomena investigated, offering definitions and discussing key concepts as well as aspects linked to the manipulation of information systems, especially considering its reverberation on democracy. Part II considers the phenomena of disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics in the context of Russia, which emerges as a laboratory where the phases of creation and diffusion of fake news can be broken down and analysed; consequently, Part II also reflects on the ways to counteract disinformation and fake news. Part III moves from case studies in Western and Central Europe to reflect on the methodological difficulty of investigating disinformation, as well as tackling the very delicate question of detection, combat, and prevention of fake news. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, law, political philosophy, journalism, media studies, and computer science, since it provides a multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of post-truth politics.

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This book explores the challenges that disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics pose to democracy from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors analyse and interpret how the use of technology and social media as well as the emergence of new political narratives has been progressively changing the information landscape, undermining some of the pillars of democracy. The volume sheds light on some topical questions connected to fake news, thereby contributing to a fuller understanding of its impact on democracy. In the Introduction, the editors offer some orientating definitions of post-truth politics, building a theoretical framework where various different aspects of fake news can be understood. The book is then divided into three parts: Part I helps to contextualise the phenomena investigated, offering definitions and discussing key concepts as well as aspects linked to the manipulation of information systems, especially considering its reverberation on democracy. Part II considers the phenomena of disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics in the context of Russia, which emerges as a laboratory where the phases of creation and diffusion of fake news can be broken down and analysed; consequently, Part II also reflects on the ways to counteract disinformation and fake news. Part III moves from case studies in Western and Central Europe to reflect on the methodological difficulty of investigating disinformation, as well as tackling the very delicate question of detection, combat, and prevention of fake news. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, law, political philosophy, journalism, media studies, and computer science, since it provides a multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of post-truth politics.

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Die Debatten über Desinformationen der deutschsprachigen Alternativen Rechten blenden bislang deren kulturhistorische und medienästhetische Dimensionen weitgehend aus. Auf Grundlage der ästhetischen Kategorie »Glitch« entwickelt Niklas von Reischach die Lesart, den Bildpraktiken von »Fake News« postdigitale Ästhetiken zuzuschreiben. Als meme-ähnliche Analyseobjekte enthalten Desinformationen Verweise auf rechtsextreme Ideologien und Bilder. Somit tragen sie in Teilen der Gesellschaft dazu bei, pessimistische Wahrnehmungen auf digitale Medien auszubilden. Doch die ästhetisch-diskursive Sabotage beschränkt sich nicht allein auf rechte Kontexte: Auch digitale Bildpraktiken anderer extremistischer Gruppen lassen sich in ähnlicher Weise lesen.

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Desinformation und Verschwörungstheorien haben in den letzten Jahren deutlich Aufschwung erhalten, da ihre Verbreitung in den sozialen Medien und anderen Online Plattformen sehr schnell und effektiv sein kann. In zurückliegenden Jahren hat die Europäische Union einige neue Gesetzesgrundlagen geschaffen, die diese Entwicklung eindämmen sollen. Dennoch hat sich ein lukrativer Markt rund um das Verbreiten von Halb- und Unwahrheiten entwickelt. Dies kann negative Konsequenzen für Einzelne und die Gesellschaft mit sich bringen, das zeigen beispielsweise Gewalttaten wie Pizzagate, oder auch die Weigerung sich impfen zu lassen oder Maske zu tragen. Ein weiteres Problem stellt die zunehmende und weltweit verbreitete russische Propaganda dar, insbesondere seit der Eskalation des Ukraine Konflikts. Der Open-Access-Band stellt die relevantesten Akteure vor, die von der Verbreitung von Desinformation profitieren: die Influencer:innen, Plattformen, Werbeträger und Zahlungsdienstleister. Dabei lässt sich mit Beispielen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum zeigen, welche Geschäftsmodelle sich hinter der Monetarisierung verbergen, wie effektiv diese sein können und ob es Möglichkeiten der Eindämmung von Desinformation gibt, indem Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten eingeschränkt werden.

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We live in strange times. Old borders are vanishing just before our astonished eyes, while new ones are rapidly emerging. Nearly three decades after the publication of Francis Fukuyama’s The End of History and the Last Man, the zeitgeist that predicted a bright future for mankind to a large extent turned out to be rather more of a dystopia. Crises in and outside Europe multiplied the number of border controls, triggered the construction of walls and fences and widened ideological gaps. The book Discussing Borders, Escaping Traps is a transdisciplinary and transspatial approach to investigating these vanishing, emerging and changing material and immaterial borders. It is the result of a two-year project by AreaS, a research group in area studies located at Østfold University College in Norway, and by partners of AreaS.

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This open access book is the product of three years of academic research that has been carried out in the EU-funded Jean Monnet Network on “Post-Truth Politics, Nationalism and the Delegitimation of European Integration” since 2019. Drawing on the multidisciplinary expertise of the network’s members, the book explores the impact of the phenomenon of post-truth politics on European integration and the European Union. It places particular emphasis on how post-truth politics has played out in the public sphere and asks what impact the phenomenon has had on public deliberation, but reflects also on its implications for democracy in a wider sense. This book is primarily written for audiences with an interest in politics and policy making, including academics, policy makers and civil-society actors. Thanks to its accessible style, the book should however also be an asset to wider audiences.

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Facebook, the Media and Democracy examines Facebook Inc. and the impact that it has had and continues to have on media and democracy around the world. Drawing on interviews with Facebook users of different kinds and dialogue with politicians, regulators, civil society and media commentators, as well as detailed documentary scrutiny of legislative and regulatory proposals and Facebook’s corporate statements, the book presents a comprehensive but clear overview of the current debate around Facebook and the global debate on the regulation of social media in the era of ‘surveillance capitalism.’ Chapters examine the business and growing institutional power of Facebook as it has unfolded over the fifteen years since its creation, the benefits and meanings that it has provided for its users, its disruptive challenge to the contemporary media environment, its shaping of conversations, and the emerging calls for its further regulation. The book considers Facebook’s alleged role in the rise of democratic movements around the world as well as its suggested role in the election of Donald Trump and the UK vote to leave the European Union. This book argues that Facebook, in some shape or form, is likely to be with us into the foreseeable future and that how we address the societal challenges that it provokes, and the economic system that underpins it, will define how human societies demonstrate their capacity to protect and enhance democracy and ensure that no corporation can set itself above democratic institutions. This is an important research volume for academics and researchers in the areas of media studies, communications, social media and political science.

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During the First World War, the German occupier tried to split Belgium internally. This was done by pursuing a Flamenpolitik, a policy aimed at scaring the Flemish, or at least the Flemish movement, against Belgium. That worked, because a small number of Flemish supporters, the so-called activists, did indeed collaborate. From the late summer of 1914, Berlin in the occupied country would incessantly bombard the Flemish movement with a large-scale media campaign. The German services, supported by their Austrian allies, mainly made use of pamphlets and the written press, not only in Belgium but also in the neutral Netherlands. In the summer of 1915 activism was a fact: an anti-Belgian Flemish nationalism, the consequences of which have been felt to date, had seen the light of day. The propaganda underlying it was so ingenious and clever that it not only convinced contemporaries, but still misleads historians even more than a century later. It is a fine example of “fake news” avant la lettre.

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Scientific methods, known for their systematic and rigorous approaches, have yielded countless discoveries and essential technologies that enhance our lives, fostering ease, productivity, and comfort. Yet, many of these discoveries and technologies have facilitated the dissemination of false and potentially harmful information—the realm of fake facts. The distortion of information, encompassing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, poses a threat to democratic societies and the core of scientific progress. Consequently, the scientific community must explore why fake news resonates, identify detection strategies, and develop effective countermeasures. The years 2020 and 2021, dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic, underscored the impact of fake news. Conspiracy theories, dangerous pseudo-therapies, and anti-vaccine movements thrived, highlighting the urgency of addressing false information. The collection of articles in this book covers key topics related to fake facts and fake news, aiming to enhance our understanding of their impact and to counter them using scientific principles.

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The book focuses on how different generations perceive fake news, including young and middle-age groups of people, multiple age groups, university students and adults in general, elementary students, children, and adolescents. It provides insights into the different methodologies available with which to research fake news from a generational perspective.

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This edited collection considers how scholars conduct research on (everyday) politics in Southeast Asia via networks of internet popular culture. This includes artefacts, networks, groups, and cultures that are specific to Southeast Asian online practices, and that seek to represent, advocate for, provoke, or question how citizens "do" politics online. In the Southeast Asia region in particular, these behind-the-scenes minutiae of everyday decisions are all the more under-valued when researchers have been taught, conditioned, or cautioned to tiptoe around taboo or political topics implicitly policed by states and governments. The combination of media regimes with limited press freedoms, the employment of sedition acts against citizens, and the need to be strategic to secure state and industry funding for research have pressured or motivated scholars to strategically obscure certain research anecdotes in favour of a smoother publishing journey and/or posterity. As such, this collection serves as a sounding board and collection of reflections on what it really looks like to conduct research on everyday politics online in the Southeast Asian region, while navigating innovative media methods, negotiating inter-disciplinary gatekeeping, demands of publishing in tiered journals, and the tensions around legitimising one's methodological choices. This collection features four accounts of scholars contemplating the methodological and ethical conundrums when conducting research on Southeast Asian internet popular culture and everyday politics. This book will be useful for the readers in the disciplines of anthropology, Asian studies, communications, cultural studies, media studies, and science and technology studies.

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Journalism - The Ethical Dilemma seeks to advance scholarly knowledge by encouraging discussion between authors covering multiple branches of the social sciences including communication, media, and journalism. The chapters in this book cover all the conceptual, theoretical, and application aspects of journalism, with a case study in each chapter illustrating the issues being addressed. The book emphasizes that despite the advances in digital media platforms, the basics and principles of journalistic practice are still pertinent. In order to stay relevant in the fluidity of digital media, journalists should work on establishing networks with academics from different fields, and with government, health, and political experts. The book is a useful compilation that will benefit researchers, academics, students, media practitioners, and other stakeholders involved.

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This book offers a truly interdisciplinary exploration of our patterns of engagement with politics, news, and information in current high-choice information environments. Putting forth the notion that high-choice information environments may contribute to increasing misperceptions and knowledge resistance rather than greater public knowledge, the book offers insights into the processes that influence the supply of misinformation and factors influencing how and why people expose themselves to and process information that may support or contradict their beliefs and attitudes. A team of authors from across a range of disciplines address the phenomena of knowledge resistance and its causes and consequences at the macro- as well as the micro-level. The chapters take a philosophical look at the notion of knowledge resistance, before moving on to discuss issues such as misinformation and fake news, psychological mechanisms such as motivated reasoning in processes of selective exposure and attention, how people respond to evidence and fact-checking, the role of political partisanship, political polarization over factual beliefs, and how knowledge resistance might be counteracted. This book will have a broad appeal to scholars and students interested in knowledge resistance, primarily within philosophy, psychology, media and communication, and political science, as well as journalists and policymakers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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Move on ! There is nothing to see … …except, according to Facebook, when it comes to Courbet’s Origin of the World. While the legendary painting attracts more than 3 million visitors a year at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, it is still subject to censorship, even legal action, in the brave new world of social media. Far from being anecdotal, the case once again puts the obscene center-stage at a time in which new technologies redefine the public sphere and with it the codes and practices of representation. L’obscène, mode d’emploi (“The Obscene, a Manual”) invited scholars and writers to revist the famously troublesome notion of the obscene in its aesthetic, legal and political stakes. The resulting Considérations intempestives à l’usage du monde contemporain (“Untimely Considerations for our Contemporary World”) show that the obscene is best understood not as a concept but as a gesture experimenting with both the impact and the medium itself of representation, thereby asking: What does the obscene have to say about the (im-)possibilities of the Digitial Revolution of our time in which the new codes and practices of representation are still being renegociated?

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Market-Oriented Disinformation Research explores the spread of false or misleading information online through the lens of marketing theory and consumer research. It examines how the business models of digital platforms and advertising technology firms (AdTech) generate digital markets that incentivize the circulation of harmful content for profit. Rather than viewing disinformation and misinformation as accidental byproducts, the book proposes that they thrive in the current markets designed for digital advertising and influencer marketing. Readers will learn how the amplification of disinformation can be linked to social media’s business model. Examples include how social media algorithms promote addictive content, how fake news sites use ad fraud to lure in advertising revenue, and how some content creators rely on clickbait, ragebait, bots, and conspiracy theories to boost their engagement metrics. The book is a must-read for scholars in journalism, media studies, and political communication, as well as policymakers interested in the democratic governance of social media platforms. In addition, it calls for digital marketing, advertising, and brand management professionals to take responsibility for their ad spending by advocating for greater oversight over AdTech intermediaries to prevent unethical actors from monetizing the harmful content that polarizes society and undermines democratic institutions.

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A critical and timely collection that argues for the centrality of propaganda in discussions about the contemporary media landscape and its informational ecosystems. This book explores how “propaganda,” a foundational concept within media and communication studies, has recently been replaced by alternative terms (disinformation, misinformation, and fake news) that fail to capture the continuities and disruptions of ongoing strategic attempts to (mis)guide public opinion. Edited by Nelson Ribeiro and Barbie Zelizer, the collection highlights how these concepts must be understood as part of a long legacy of propaganda and not just as new phenomena that have emerged in the context of the digital media environment. Chapters explore the strategies and effects of propaganda through a variety of globally diverse case studies, featuring both democracies and autocratic regimes, and highlight how only by understanding propagandistic forms and strategies can we fully begin to understand how public opinion is being molded today by those who resort to deception and falsehood to gain or keep hold of power. An important resource for students and scholars of media and communication studies and those who are studying and/or researching media and propaganda, media and power, disinformation, fake news, and political communication. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license

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A critical and timely collection that argues for the centrality of propaganda in discussions about the contemporary media landscape and its informational ecosystems. This book explores how “propaganda,” a foundational concept within media and communication studies, has recently been replaced by alternative terms (disinformation, misinformation, and fake news) that fail to capture the continuities and disruptions of ongoing strategic attempts to (mis)guide public opinion. Edited by Nelson Ribeiro and Barbie Zelizer, the collection highlights how these concepts must be understood as part of a long legacy of propaganda and not just as new phenomena that have emerged in the context of the digital media environment. Chapters explore the strategies and effects of propaganda through a variety of globally diverse case studies, featuring both democracies and autocratic regimes, and highlight how only by understanding propagandistic forms and strategies can we fully begin to understand how public opinion is being molded today by those who resort to deception and falsehood to gain or keep hold of power. An important resource for students and scholars of media and communication studies and those who are studying and/or researching media and propaganda, media and power, disinformation, fake news, and political communication.

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This book of poems about fake news written by diverse project participants is foremost an invitation and invocation for readers to participate, with others, in an experiment in knowing and working differently with the internet: Fake News Poetry Workshops. Between 2018 and 2020, Alexandra Juhasz directed more than twenty of these workshops around the world, and these are ongoing beyond the confines of this book. Each differs in form and structure, but participants are always asked to attend to research, their own knowledge about the internet and social media, and what they can learn from their workshop and previous ones. My Phone Lies to Me shares the poems created in the workshops. As moving, eloquent, and useful as they may be — and you are invited to indulge in and learn from them — enjoying and learning from the poems is only a small part of this book’s project. Four short essays (two by Juhasz, with a foreword and afterword by critical internet scholars Tara McPherson and Margaret Rhee, respectively) introduce and situate the project’s processes of radical digital media. You can learn what Fake News Poetry Workshops make, do, and believe in, as well as how to collaborate with others to create your own. Fake News Poetry Workshops are one way to counter dominant and dominating internet modes and values, to fight the corrupt ways of being and knowing that use digital media to create, fuel, and weaponize fake news. The project verifies good news in the face of fake news: that we can gather together in our many local places and use analog structures (about digital things and ways) to generate, hold, and share ""art answers to phony questions.

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News Literacy and Democracy invites readers to go beyond surface-level fact checking and to examine the structures, institutions, practices, and routines that comprise news media systems. This introductory text underscores the importance of news literacy to democratic life and advances an argument that critical contexts regarding news media structures and institutions should be central to news literacy education. Under the larger umbrella of media literacy, a critical approach to news literacy seeks to examine the mediated construction of the social world and the processes and influences that allow some news messages to spread while others get left out. Drawing on research from a range of disciplines, including media studies, political economy, and social psychology, this book aims to inform and empower the citizens who rely on news media so they may more fully participate in democratic and civic life. The book is an essential read for undergraduate students of journalism and news literacy and will be of interest to scholars teaching and studying media literacy, political economy, media sociology, and political psychology.

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News Literacy and Democracy invites readers to go beyond surface-level fact checking and to examine the structures, institutions, practices, and routines that comprise news media systems. This introductory text underscores the importance of news literacy to democratic life and advances an argument that critical contexts regarding news media structures and institutions should be central to news literacy education. Under the larger umbrella of media literacy, a critical approach to news literacy seeks to examine the mediated construction of the social world and the processes and influences that allow some news messages to spread while others get left out. Drawing on research from a range of disciplines, including media studies, political economy, and social psychology, this book aims to inform and empower the citizens who rely on news media so they may more fully participate in democratic and civic life. The book is an essential read for undergraduate students of journalism and news literacy and will be of interest to scholars teaching and studying media literacy, political economy, media sociology, and political psychology.

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This open access book deconstructs the core features of online misinformation and disinformation. It finds that the optimisation of emotions for commercial and political gain is a primary cause of false information online. The chapters distil societal harms, evaluate solutions, and consider what must be done to strengthen societies as new biometric forms of emotion profiling emerge. Based on a rich, empirical, and interdisciplinary literature that examines multiple countries, the book will be of interest to scholars and students of Communications, Journalism, Politics, Sociology, Science and Technology Studies, and Information Science, as well as global and local policymakers and ordinary citizens interested in how to prevent the spread of false information worldwide, both now and in the future.

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It is often claimed in contemporary public debate that we live in a “post-factual age.” This interdisciplinary volume employs the theories and methods of narrative research to investigate the relationship between the “post-factual” and narrative. It seeks to make sense of the core concepts in the debate, such as post-factual, post-truth, reality and truth, events, tales, stories, and narratives.

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The information that comes through digital media and social networks is increasing. This potential access to almost infinite information makes it difficult to select relevant content with a good understanding. It is therefore necessary to generate research that thoroughly analyses the phenomenon of communication and information in the digital age. For this reason, this monograph presents different research studies that highlight the need for greater media literacy and education in order to prevent the existence and dissemination of fake news. Citizens must know how to deal with disinformation and be able to detect the source of bad intentions behind information. Therefore, people need to be aware of the new communication challenges in order to determine what is important, which media they can trust, and where information has been misused or manipulated. In conclusion, society must be prepared to face new challenges related to misinformation. An educated and digitally literate society will be able to face these problems and be prepared to face the new communication challenges, including interaction with social networks, new audiences, new media, fake news, etc.

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Terrorism, global pandemics, climate change, wars and all the major threats of our age have been targets of online extremism. The same social media occupying the heartland of our social world leaves us vulnerable to cybercrime, electoral fraud and the 'fake news' fuelling the rise of far-right violence and hate speech. In the face of widespread calls for action, governments struggle to reform legal and regulatory frameworks designed for an analogue age. And what of our rights as citizens? As politicians and lawyers run to catch up to the future as it disappears over the horizon, who guarantees our right to free speech, to free and fair elections, to play video games, to surf the Net, to believe ‘fake news’? Rethinking Social Media and Extremism offers a broad range of perspectives on violent extremism online and how to stop it. As one major crisis follows another and a global pandemic accelerates our turn to digital technologies, attending to the issues raised in this book becomes ever more urgent.

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Globalization and telecoupling are enhancing the complexity of the coupled socio-ecological system constituted by the interaction between the global ecosphere and the anthroposphere. As a result, the demand for tools to identify transformative innovations, assess future risks, and support precautionary decisions for sustainability is growing by the day in business and politics. Scenarios are a means of simplification, reducing the real-world complexity to a limited number of essential factors to analyze their interactions and support policy formulation, with indicators as communication and monitoring tools. In particular, in a time of fake news and alternative truths a critical reflection amongst producers and users of scenarios and indicators is overdue; the capability for critical self-reflection is what distinguishes science from pseudo-science, and is a condition of trust. The authors of this book test established measurement and modeling approaches against new challenges, assess the weaknesses of prevailing innovation theories and the political-ideological embedment of archetypical scenarios, highlight deficits in taking the physical basics into account, and the need to understand global interaction and the stepwise process of energy transitions, point out technical as well as conceptual weaknesses in data collection, harmonization and indicator generation, always with a view to solving problems.

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Fake News und Hate Speech sind Phänomene, mit denen wir fast tagtäglich konfrontiert sind, sei es im beruflichen, ehrenamtlichen oder privaten Kontext. Die Beiträge des Bandes bieten Einblicke in die ostbelgische »Speak Up!«-Werkstatt, in der sich Wissenschaftler*innen, Praktiker*innen und Menschen aus der Zivilgesellschaft mit den Ursachen, Erscheinungsformen und Folgen von Fake News und Hate Speech auseinandergesetzt haben. Die Beiträge wurden von Menschen mit den unterschiedlichsten beruflichen, (mutter-)sprachlichen und kulturellen Hintergründen verfasst. Offen und authentisch legen sie die Herausforderungen und Erfahrungen aus der ostbelgischen »Speak Up!«-Werkstatt dar und liefern neue Denkanstöße. Die Darstellungsformen der Beiträge reichen von Tagebucheinträgen über Reflexionsberichte, Handlungsleitfäden, Gedankenprotokolle und Interviews bis hin zum Werkstattgespräch.

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This book explores the pervasive and globalised trajectory of domestic disinformation. It describes specific operations and general apparatuses of disinformation that are sponsored by the State institutions in several countries around the world, such as governments, political parties, and politicians. With an international team of expert authors, this volume meticulously scrutinises instances of State-sponsored disinformation across a diverse spectrum of 14 countries encompassing Western and Eastern Europe, North and Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. It examines how political landscapes amplify or constrain disinformation, advancing a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics in the contemporary global milieu. The book is organised in three sections that gather case studies from democratic, non-democratic, and transitional regimes. Advancing the field of misinformation and disinformation studies by specialising in State-sponsored operations and their consequences, this book will be an essential volume for scholars and upper-level students of media and communication studies, journalism, political communication, disinformation and misinformation, social media, sociology, and international politics. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license

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This book explores the pervasive and globalised trajectory of domestic disinformation. It describes specific operations and general apparatuses of disinformation that are sponsored by the State institutions in several countries around the world, such as governments, political parties, and politicians. With an international team of expert authors, this volume meticulously scrutinises instances of State-sponsored disinformation across a diverse spectrum of 14 countries encompassing Western and Eastern Europe, North and Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. It examines how political landscapes amplify or constrain disinformation, advancing a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics in the contemporary global milieu. The book is organised in three sections that gather case studies from democratic, non-democratic, and transitional regimes. Advancing the field of misinformation and disinformation studies by specialising in State-sponsored operations and their consequences, this book will be an essential volume for scholars and upper-level students of media and communication studies, journalism, political communication, disinformation and misinformation, social media, sociology, and international politics. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license

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Sustainable education and social networks are two important concepts that are closely related. The combination of sustainable education and social networks can be powerful in promoting positive change and creating a more sustainable future. Here are some ways in which these two concepts can be integrated:1. Online learning.2. Awareness raising.3. Collaboration.4. Engagement.5. Sharing of best practices.In conclusion, the integration of sustainable education and social networks has the potential to promote positive change and create a more sustainable future by making education more accessible, engaging, and impactful.

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This book examines the impact of the "Big Five" technology companies – Apple, Alphabet/Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft – on journalism and the media industries. It looks at the current role of algorithms and artificial intelligence in curating how we consume media and their increasing influence on the production of the news. Exploring the changes that the technology industry and automation have made in the past decade to the production, distribution and consumption of news globally, the book considers what happens to journalism once it is produced and enters the media ecosystems of the internet tech giants – and the impact of social media and AI on such things as fake news in the post-truth age.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Frontlist Books

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This book examines the impact of the "Big Five" technology companies – Apple, Alphabet/Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft – on journalism and the media industries. It looks at the current role of algorithms and artificial intelligence in curating how we consume media and their increasing influence on the production of the news. Exploring the changes that the technology industry and automation have made in the past decade to the production, distribution and consumption of news globally, the book considers what happens to journalism once it is produced and enters the media ecosystems of the internet tech giants – and the impact of social media and AI on such things as fake news in the post-truth age.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Frontlist Books

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This book examines the impact of the "Big Five" technology companies – Apple, Alphabet/Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft – on journalism and the media industries. It looks at the current role of algorithms and artificial intelligence in curating how we consume media and their increasing influence on the production of the news. Exploring the changes that the technology industry and automation have made in the past decade to the production, distribution and consumption of news globally, the book considers what happens to journalism once it is produced and enters the media ecosystems of the internet tech giants – and the impact of social media and AI on such things as fake news in the post-truth age. The audience for this book are students and researchers working in the field of digital media, and journalism studies or media studies more generally. It will also be useful to those who are looking for extended case studies of the role taken by tech giants such as Facebook and Google in the fake news scandal, or the role of Jeff Bezos in transforming The Washington Post. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351013758, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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Disinformation and so-called fake news are contemporary phenomena with rich histories. Disinformation, or the willful introduction of false information for the purposes of causing harm, recalls infamous foreign interference operations in national media systems. Outcries over fake news, or dubious stories with the trappings of news, have coincided with the introduction of new media technologies that disrupt the publication, distribution and consumption of news -- from the so-called rumour-mongering broadsheets centuries ago to the blogosphere recently. Designating a news organization as fake, or der Lügenpresse, has a darker history, associated with authoritarian regimes or populist bombast diminishing the reputation of 'elite media' and the value of inconvenient truths. In a series of empirical studies, using digital methods and data journalism, the authors inquire into the extent to which social media have enabled the penetration of foreign disinformation operations, the widespread publication and spread of dubious content as well as extreme commentators with considerable followings attacking mainstream media as fake.

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“A welcome journey through the mind of the world’s most influential industry at a time when understanding Silicon Valley's motivations, myths, and ethics are vitally important.” — Scott Galloway, Professor of Marketing at NYU Stern School of Business, USA, and author of The Algebra of Happiness and The Four"The Psychology of Silicon Valley is a remarkable story of an industry’s shift from idealism to narcissism and even sociopathy. But deep cracks are showing in the Valley’s mantra of 'we know better than you.' Katy Cook’s engaging read has a message that needs to be heard now.”— Richard Freed, author of Wired Child“This book offers readers a glimpse behind the "emotional scenes" as tech companies come out psychologically firing at their consumers. Unless these practices are exposed and made public, tech companies will continue to shape our brains and not in a good way.” - Larry D. Rosen, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Author of The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World

Misinformation. Job displacement. Information overload. Economic inequality. Digital addiction. The breakdown of democracy, civility, and truth itself.This open access book explores the conscious and unconscious norms, values, and characteristics that drive behaviors within the high-tech capital of the world, Silicon Valley, and the sector it represents. In an era where the reach and influence of a single industry has the potential to define the future of our world, it has become apparent just how little we know about the organizations driving these changes. The Psychology of Silicon Valley offers a revealing look inside the mind of world’s most influential industry and how the identity, culture, myths, and motivations of Big Tech are harming society. The book argues that the bad values and lack of emotional intelligence borne in the vacuum of Silicon Valley will have lasting consequences on everything from social equality to the future of work to our collective mental health. Katy Cook expertly walks us through the psychological landscape of Silicon Valley, including its leadership, ethical, and cultural problems, and artfully explains why we cannot afford to ignore the psychology and values that are behind our technology any longer.

Katy Cook is Founder and Director of the Centre for Technology Awareness. She is an expert on the intersection of technology, ethics, and psychology and holds a PhD and two MAs in psychology and modern culture studies.

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“A welcome journey through the mind of the world’s most influential industry at a time when understanding Silicon Valley's motivations, myths, and ethics are vitally important.” — Scott Galloway, Professor of Marketing at NYU Stern School of Business, USA, and author of The Algebra of Happiness and The Four"The Psychology of Silicon Valley is a remarkable story of an industry’s shift from idealism to narcissism and even sociopathy. But deep cracks are showing in the Valley’s mantra of 'we know better than you.' Katy Cook’s engaging read has a message that needs to be heard now.”— Richard Freed, author of Wired Child“This book offers readers a glimpse behind the "emotional scenes" as tech companies come out psychologically firing at their consumers. Unless these practices are exposed and made public, tech companies will continue to shape our brains and not in a good way.” - Larry D. Rosen, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Author of The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World

Misinformation. Job displacement. Information overload. Economic inequality. Digital addiction. The breakdown of democracy, civility, and truth itself.This open access book explores the conscious and unconscious norms, values, and characteristics that drive behaviors within the high-tech capital of the world, Silicon Valley, and the sector it represents. In an era where the reach and influence of a single industry has the potential to define the future of our world, it has become apparent just how little we know about the organizations driving these changes. The Psychology of Silicon Valley offers a revealing look inside the mind of world’s most influential industry and how the identity, culture, myths, and motivations of Big Tech are harming society. The book argues that the bad values and lack of emotional intelligence borne in the vacuum of Silicon Valley will have lasting consequences on everything from social equality to the future of work to our collective mental health. Katy Cook expertly walks us through the psychological landscape of Silicon Valley, including its leadership, ethical, and cultural problems, and artfully explains why we cannot afford to ignore the psychology and values that are behind our technology any longer.

Katy Cook is Founder and Director of the Centre for Technology Awareness. She is an expert on the intersection of technology, ethics, and psychology and holds a PhD and two MAs in psychology and modern culture studies.

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Auf Vertrauen können wir nicht verzichten. Zugleich ist Vertrauen ein riskantes Unterfangen, das keine Sicherheit bieten kann und stets ein Wagnis bleibt. In diesem Sammelband wird der Vertrauensbegriff auf unterschiedliche thematische Bereiche übertragen und hinsichtlich seiner Leistungsfähigkeit befragt.

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In diesem Open-Access-Buch geht es um die Frage, welche individuellen Faktoren Vertrauen bzw. Misstrauen in Journalismus erklären. In Teilen der Bevölkerung erodiert das Vertrauen in journalistische Medien. Gleichzeitig verliert der Journalismus seine Rolle als Gatekeeper und tritt in Konkurrenz zu anderen Informationsanbietern im Internet. Fabian Prochazka untersucht theoretisch und empirisch, wie diese beiden Phänomene zusammenhängen. In welchen gesellschaftlichen Milieus ist Vertrauen bzw. Misstrauen in den Journalismus besonders verbreitet und wie hängt es mit Personenmerkmalen zusammen? Welche Qualitätswahrnehmungen und Vorwürfe an den Journalismus stehen hinter einer vertrauensvollen oder misstrauischen Haltung? Beschädigt oder stärkt die gewandelte Informationsumgebung im Internet das Vertrauen in den Journalismus?

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Dieses Open-Access-Buch hat das Anliegen, das Zusammenspiel von Wissenschaft, Medien und Öffentlichkeit zu analysieren und nach Wegen zu suchen, es zu verbessern. Nicht nur der unabhängige Journalismus, sondern auch Forscherinnen und Forscher und ihre in jahrelanger Arbeit gewonnenen wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse werden in Zweifel gezogen und als fragwürdig abgetan. Auch hierzulande finden sich immer mehr Bürger bereit, schulterzuckend an „alternative Fakten“ zu glauben. Neben der Evolutionstheorie reüssiert der Kreationismus, entgegen den Statistiken zum volksgesundheitlichen Wert von Impfungen gewinnen Impfgegner an Boden.

 

Wie können Öffentlichkeitsarbeiter und Journalisten mit dieser brisanten Entwicklung umgehen? Was bedeutet sie für Wissenschaftler, Forschungseinrichtungen, Universitäten oder Stiftungen? Mit welchen Inhalten und mit welchen Medienformaten erreichen sie eine Öffentlichkeit, die zunehmend bereit ist oder auch dazu verführt wird, rasche und eingängige Antworten zu akzeptieren, und sich von einer fundierten Auseinandersetzung etwa mit den Ursachen des Klimawandels nicht selten überfordert fühlt? Wie kann es grundsätzlich gelingen, ein Klima des Vertrauens herzustellen, das letztlich die Basis für solche Diskurse darstellt?

 

Für das Buch Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Ein vertrauensvoller Dialog. Positionen und Perspektiven der Wissenschaftskommunikation heute baten die Herausgeber – Dr. Johannes Schnurr (Pressesprecher der Daimler und Benz Stiftung) und Prof. Dr. Alexander Mäder (Professor für digitalen Nachrichtenjournalismus an der Hochschule der Medien in Stuttgart) – Journalisten und Öffentlichkeitsarbeiter, Wissenschaftler, Blogger sowie Vertreter von Stiftungen und Forschungseinrichtungen, zu erläutern, wie sie sich – persönlich – diesem gesamtgesellschaftlichen Trend zur reinen Meinung entgegenstellen und mit welchen Methoden sie das öffentliche Ansehen der Wissenschaft stärken möchten. Der Band beleuchtet die aktuelle Situation aus der Perspektive unterschiedlicher Interessenvertreter in diesen Bereichen und sucht neben einer Bestandsaufnahme nach Lösungsansätzen.

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›Fake News‹ sind aus privaten wie politischen Unterhaltungen nicht mehr wegzudenken und erfahren mit der omnipräsenten Nutzung digitaler Kommunikationskanäle eine geradezu inflationäre Verbreitung. Die Beiträger*innen diskutieren vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Disziplinen der Humanities Formen und Folgen von Wissens- und Informationsvermittlung, Wahrheitsreduktion und Wirklichkeitsbeschneidung sowie Täuschung und Beeinflussung der öffentlichen Meinung. Sie erschließen den Begriff aus einer interdisziplinären und diachronen Perspektive und eröffnen Einsichten in die verschiedenen Bedeutungsnuancen des Phänomens.

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